Blog | Quantifiable Edges | Assessing Market Action With Indicators & History

Some Potentially Bearish Inside (Day) Information

Posted by Rob Hanna in Quantitative Study September 26, 2011

I’ve shown before that inside days in long-term downtrends are often short-term bearish. (An inside day is a day like Friday where the market makes a higher low and a lower high than the day before.) So what if that inside day closes higher and comes immediately after a 20-day low like we are seeing now?

Instances are a little low but initial results here appear quite bearish. As I note below the chart I also included a column showing the max losing trade. While it is very large, it was not just one outlier, but 3 extra large decliners that cause the average trade to look so weak. Note though that even 2 days out, prior to the extra large declines taking place, the edge still appeared fairly bearish.

Of course the market appears ready to gap up big this morning. There is certainly the possibility that a large gap up could trigger a short-selling rally which would run overrun the inclinations of this study.

Fed Days During the Weakest Week

Yesterday I mentioned that the week post op-ex in September has historically been the worst week of the year for stocks. I also showed a chart. Later a reader sent the following comment, “Thanks for this Rob, I’m enjoying going through your FED Days book. Seeing as we’re in a week with an FOMC meeting, which you show has historically strong performance prior to the meeting does this study include the FED days effect?”

For those who may not be aware, Fed Days have had a strong bullish tendency over the years, but as I mentioned last night, this has historically been the most bearish week of the year. Below I have listed all Fed Days that have fallen during this week in September.

There have only been 11 instances, and I don’t see a substantial edge in either direction. Returns are lower than with a typical Fed Day, but not so much that it will change my approach. So rather than worrying about the week, I will apply some of the other filters I’ve used before when considering Fed Day edges.

Several Fed Day edges may be found using the Fed Study label on the blog.

A more comprehensive look is available in The Quantifiable Edges Guide to Fed Days.

The Weakest Week

Posted by Rob Hanna in Quantitative Study, seasonality September 19, 2011

The week following September options expiration has historically been the most bearish week of the year. I showed some detailed stats in my weekend report, but below is a graphic that shows how consistently weak this week has been.

Seasonality is not normally a reason to sell on its own. When combined with a long-term downtrend and a short-term overbought market, it can often provide a pretty good signal.

Long-Term % Change Charts of XIV and VXX

Posted by Rob Hanna in VIX September 14, 2011

I saw the other day that UBS is launching 12 new VIX-based ETFs. Today I thought I’d show some interesting charts of VXX (IPath short-term VIX) and XIV (VelocityShares Inverse VIX short-term). These are not run by UBS, but they do use a similar approach to the UBS ETFs that are coming out.

Trading volatility can be exciting and there are some terrific swings available for short-term traders. Just Friday VXX rose 9.5%. But if you think these ETFs may be suitable buy-and-hold vehicles, the charts below may change your mind.

The 1st chart is a % change chart of XIV, the inverse VIX vehicle. It goes from the 11/30/10 inception through 9/9/11. After 6 months or so it began garnering some major attention and there were lots of articles written about it. And rightly so, since it posted gains of over 100%…

…but if you had bought at the inception and held through 9/9 you would have seen your investment rise by over 100% and then lose all its profits and now be down over 30%. That isn’t a pleasant ride. (Also interesting is that XIV did a 10-1 split in June when shares were near $170.)

Now let’s look at VXX. VXX has risen over 125% since hitting its low in early July. But let’s look at a % change chart over the same time frame as XIV to see how it has done during the last 10 months or so.

Even with the massive rally since July, an investment made on 11/30/10 would be down 7%. And if we go back to VXX inception?

The massive 2-month rally doesn’t look like much on this chart. Since VXX’s inception in 2/2009 it is down about 89% despite more than doubling in the last 2 months.

Some of the reason for the long-term failure of these ETNs is due to expenses, but much of it is thanks to the impact of backwardation and contango when they do daily rolls, as well as the mathematical difficulties in overcoming large drawdowns. (A 50% loss needs a 100% gain to break even. A 75% loss needs a 300% gain…)

I won’t get into backwardation/contango issues here, but below I have listed a few places you could learn more. The bottom line is that these products can be terrific trading vehicles, but 1) you need to understand them and 2) as I hope was clearly demonstrated in the charts above, buy and hold is typically not a good strategy.

Other sources of information:
I did a series of webinars for Quantifiable Edges subscribers on our members site a few months ago that explain backwardation and contango in detail and how they relate to these products. They are archived on the “Videos” page of the members site and the first one of these is even available to trial members. (Click here for trial subscription.)

Another good source of information is Bill Luby’s VIX and More site. Below are a couple of links to posts on his site that will get you started.

https://vixandmore.blogspot.com/2009/05/vxx-calculations-vix-futures-and-time.html
https://vixandmore.blogspot.com/2011/08/vix-term-structure-evolution-over-last.html

Performance After SPX and VIX Both Close Higher on a Monday

Posted by Rob Hanna in Quantitative Study, VIX September 13, 2011

The SPX and the VIX typically trade counter to each other, so it’s a little unusual to see them both close higher as they did yesterday. It does happen from time to time, and Monday is the most common day of the week for it to occur. This is because the VIX has a natural tendency to rise on Mondays. Even so, when it has occurred on Mondays it has typically suggested a short-term downside edge. The edge is more pronounced and lasts longer when the SPX is trading below its 200ma. Below are the numbers.

As you can see, the statistics suggest a downside edge over the next few days.

When Big Drops Come After Bigger Gains

Posted by Rob Hanna in Quantitative Study September 9, 2011

When the market experiences a strong pullback as it did yesterday then there is often a tendency for it to bounce the next day. This tendency varies greatly though, and depends on a large number of factors. One factor to consider is how the market moved the day before. Let’s look at a couple of equity curves that will demonstrate my point. This first one shows results since 2003 of buying all 1% drops at the close and selling at the close the next day.

I ran this back to 2003 because that is about the time this equity curve began to show a consistent upside tendency. Now let’s look at all times the big drop failed to close the SPX below the close of 2 days ago.

There’s different ways to look at this, but here is a simple one. If today’s big drop did not wipe out yesterday’s gains, then it may have further to go.

What Yesterday’s Partial Gap Fill Suggested

Posted by Rob Hanna in Quantitative Study September 7, 2011

The market is gapping up large this morning so I feel a little silly discussing how yesterday’s action suggests good things for the next few days. Still, I did not note anything bearish about yesterday so I thought I would show one of the studies that I found compelling that appeared in the Quantifinder as we approached the close.

There have typically been 1-2 days of buying following such setups. It will be interesting to see if the upside edge exhausts itself early here or whether bulls can follow through and add to this mornings gains over the next day or so.

September Performance After Bad Augusts

Posted by Rob Hanna in Quantitative Study, seasonality September 1, 2011

September has a well-earned reputation as the worst month of the year for the stock market. Last night both Woodshedder and Michael Stokes provided nice historical breakdowns of September. For the 2nd year in a row the market has suffered a difficult August with the SPX closing down about 5.6%. This left me to wonder how September has performed following bad Augusts. Below I have compiled a list of all Septembers after August lost 4% or more.

There doesn’t appear to be a strong directional edge, but one thing that is evident in all of these Septembers is that there was high volatility. The 1966 instance saw the smallest range with the market moving a little over 5% from high to low. Six of the eight instances saw ranges of 9.5%+ in September. So I would not look for the action to dull this month.

What the SPX/VIX Action Hinted at on Tuesday

Posted by Rob Hanna in Quantitative Study, VIX August 31, 2011

I am seeing some signs that the market is likely to pull back in the next few days. On Tuesday the SPX closed just slightly higher while the VIX also rose. This triggered the study below, which I have showed before in the subscriber letter, but never here on the blog.

The reason it only looks at Tuesday, Wednesday, and Thursday is that Monday and Friday VIX prices tend to be affected by weekend time decay in the options market. Instances are a little low but really could not appear more bearish over the next 2 days.

Short-term Implications of Breadth on a Follow Through Day

Posted by Rob Hanna in IBD Follow Through Day, Quantitative Study August 24, 2011

The strong move higher on increased volume meant that Tuesday was a Follow Through Day (FTD). FTDs are a concept that was created by William O’Neil, founder of Investors’ Business Daily. I have written about them extensively on the blog. In June for the 1st time I showed that FTD’s have a better chance of success when they are also accompanied by strong breadth. Tonight I also examined the short-term implications to FTDs with strong breadth vs. FTDs without. This first study below looks at performance following FTDs that came along with an Up Issue % reading that was among the top 5% of all readings over the previous year.

As you can see there appears to be an tendency for the market to continue higher after these strong-breadth FTDs. Now let’s examine performance after FTDs on days that did not show exceptional breadth strength.

Here there appears to be no edge or short-term upside inclination whatsoever. With Tuesday’s FTD coming on breadth that put it in the top 2% of all days for the last year the short-term outlook appears better.

Big Gaps Up After 2 Strong Days of Selling

Posted by Rob Hanna in gaps, Quantitative Study August 22, 2011

After 2 hard days of selling the SPY looks to be gapping up strong this morning. I looked back at other times that the SPY gapped up big after 2 large down days. Below are the results since 2003 of buying all instances at the open and then selling at the close.

There appears to be a bit of an inclination to follow through on the gap to the upside. Most of the instances were quite volatile, and all of them pulled back at least 0.4% below the open at some point during the day. Most of them also took place during 2008 when volatility (both intraday and overnight) was elevated.

A Post-QE2 POMO Indicator Update

Posted by Rob Hanna in POMO August 19, 2011

I haven’t shown an updated POMO chart on the blog in a while, and with QE2 now in the rearview mirror for the calculations I thought readers might find it interesting.

POMO stands for Permanent Open Market Operations and it is how the Fed goes into the open market to buy securities. The net effect of this buying is an influx of cash into the system. It appears a portion of that cash makes its way to the stock market and works as a bullish influence. A “POMO Day” is simply a day where these operations take place. The chart below shows my POMO Volume indicator. The top pane is the S&P 500. The bottom pane is the total amount of money infused into the system (POMO buying) over the previous 20 days.

The obvious takeaway here is that periods of heightened POMO buying have led to strong stock market rallies. Periods of weak or negative stimulus have been followed by market drops. This chart only goes back to 2008. For a longer view back to 2005 you may use the link below.

https://quantifiableedges.blogspot.com/2011/05/long-term-look-at-pomo-stock-market.html

Looking at the far right side of the chart you can see POMO volume has dipped substantially since the end of QE2 (end of June). It has now reached a level where it is expected to be maintained for the foreseeable future. In the past when POMO stimulus ended – it ended. This time the end of QE2 has led to a period of substantially less stimulus, rather than none. This made it tricky in determining whether the end of QE2 would be followed by a sharp market drop. (It was.) While there IS still liquidity pumping going on, it appears the reduced level is akin to providing a heroin addict a couple of aspirin to try and get high.

The link below shows the POMO activity schedule on the Fed’s website.

https://www.newyorkfed.org/markets/tot_operation_schedule.html

If you click it you will notice there is a tab on the page where you can see “All Schedules” rather than just the “Current Schedule”. Clicking that tab you will see that the monthly estimate of POMO activity for last month and this month is about $14 billion. During QE2 the level was normally around $100 billion/month. So is the market capable of mounting a serious new bull move with the modest amount of stimulus currently being provided? So far I have seen no evidence of that, but I suspect it could if it starts from a “low enough” level…

Large Gaps Down After 3 Up Days

Posted by Rob Hanna in gaps, Quantitative Study August 16, 2011

This volatility continues this morning with a big gap down. The study below shows performance for the day following large gaps that occur after 3 consecutive up days.

These stats do not appear encouraging for the bulls. Below I have listed all instances.

This view isn’t any better. It appears there is some potential for another ugly day. I’d use caution buying today.

Historical Extremes

Posted by Rob Hanna in Quantitative Study August 9, 2011

This selloff is setting new extremes. Whether you look at volatility, price action, breadth, or volume, recent readings are off the charts. The table below is from last night’s subscriber letter. It highlights some of the extremes I noted in these areas on Monday.

Mondays 2% Gap Down

Posted by Rob Hanna in gaps, Quantitative Study August 8, 2011

I’ve shown before that 2%+ gaps down almost always bounce at some point in the next few days. The last time I reviewed this can be found here:

https://quantifiableedges.blogspot.com/2011/03/2-gaps-down-other-disasters.html

This morning I added a few filters and looked at just what might be expected on the day of the gap. This first study shows what has happened when the 2% gap down occured after a 100-day low.

Low instances but a possbile upside tendency. But next is the bad news. The study below looks at 2% gaps down on Mondays.

Tough call this morning. I think we should see a bounce in the next few days, but it may not be immediate.